Purpose: Textbooks can directly or indirectly affect gender stereotypes. In this study, text characters and pictures of textbooks were examined to find out how the messages were given about gender. This study examined text characters and the pictures in the primary school Turkish textbooks respectively in terms of Bem's Sex-Role Inventory and…

Examines measurement scales used in different studies of the relationship between masculinity, femininity, or androgyny, and self esteem. Suggests that findings of a high positive association between masculinity and self-esteem may be due to the fact that the most commonly used measurement scales do, in fact, endorse masculine characteristics.…

Questions concerning the relationship between self-rated adjustment and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were examined in two studies. In both, superior adjustment was associated with androgynous v traditional sex typing only among women. Adjustment differences among sex types were accounted for by differences in masculinity. (Author/GC)