A study examined two first-grade classrooms implementing the whole language approach and two utilizing the basal reading approach to determine the differences, if any, between the treatments. The hypothesis was that the whole language reading approach when combined with a phonics program would not result in higher test scores on a standardized…

To evaluate classroom processes for teaching basic reading and mathematics, particularly individualized instruction in the context of compensatory education, a model of classroom processes was applied to disadvantaged children from 400 schools, grades one and three. The model specified that criterion performance is a function of initial student…