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Edwards, Michael C.; Cheavens, Jennifer S.; Heiy, Jane E.; Cukrowicz, Kelly C. – Psychological Assessment, 2010
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is one of the most widely used measures of depressive symptoms in research today. The original psychometric work in support of the CES-D (Radloff, 1977) described a 4-factor model underlying the 20 items on the scale. Despite a long history of evidence supporting this structure,…
Descriptors: Test Items, Factor Structure, Measures (Individuals), Psychometrics
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Graham, Aislin R.; Sherry, Simon B.; Stewart, Sherry H.; Sherry, Dayna L.; McGrath, Daniel S.; Fossum, Kristin M.; Allen, Stephanie L. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2010
Perfectionistic concerns (i.e., negative reactions to failures, concerns over others' criticism and expectations, and nagging self-doubts) are a putative risk factor for depressive symptoms. This study proposes and supports the existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms (EMPDS), a conceptual model aimed at explaining why…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Risk, Depression (Psychology), Models