Objective This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of team sports on alleviating depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and poor sleep quality in college students. Participants: Undergraduates (n = 291) from a major public university in China. Methods: A 12-week quasi-experimental study was conducted. Students were enrolled in team sports classes (n = 138, experimental group) and aerobic dance classes (n = 153, comparison group). Data was collected via questionnaires at pre and post-test. Results: Results indicated significant improvement in depression and sleep quality for college students over time (p < 0.05). Depression levels decreased significantly more for team sports group (p < 0.05) compared to aerobic dance group. Results showed no significant differences in anxiety or perceived stress between the two groups over time (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Team sports may help reduce depression and poor sleep quality in college students. However, physical activity alone may not help improve anxiety and perceived stress.