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Direct linkGromoske, Andrea N.; Maguire-Jack, Kathryn – Journal of Marriage and Family, 2012
The authors tested a series of models linking spanking and child social-emotional outcomes using a sample of 3,870 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. Spanking was measured by the number of times the focal child was spanked by the mother at ages 1, 3, and 5. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using the…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Emotional Development, Check Lists, Structural Equation Models
