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Direct linkGromoske, Andrea N.; Maguire-Jack, Kathryn – Journal of Marriage and Family, 2012
The authors tested a series of models linking spanking and child social-emotional outcomes using a sample of 3,870 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. Spanking was measured by the number of times the focal child was spanked by the mother at ages 1, 3, and 5. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using the…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Emotional Development, Check Lists, Structural Equation Models
Guajardo, Nicole R.; Snyder, Gregory; Petersen, Rachel – Infant and Child Development, 2009
The present study included observational and self-report measures to examine associations among parental stress, parental behaviour, child behaviour, and children's theory of mind and emotion understanding. Eighty-three parents and their 3- to 5-year-old children participated. Parents completed measures of parental stress, parenting (laxness,…
Descriptors: Parenting Styles, Child Rearing, Cognitive Development, Child Behavior
