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Stewart, Rachel M.; Benner, Gregory J.; Martella, Ronald C.; Marchand-Martella, Nancy E. – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2007
The purpose of this study was to analyze the research literature on three-tier models of reading and behavior and to provide a descriptive analysis and meta-analytic review of these models. An in-depth review of 17 articles was conducted on the similarities and differences between and among three-tier models of reading (n = 5), models of behavior…
Descriptors: Investigations, Literacy, Intervention, Learning Disabilities

Leinhardt, Gaea; And Others – American Educational Research Journal, 1981
Reading instruction and its effects were examined for 105 students in elementary classrooms for the learning disabled. Extensive detailed observations of students, teachers, and instructional material were used to explore the plausibility of a causal model of the effects of reading behaviors and instruction on students' reading performance.…
Descriptors: Classroom Observation Techniques, Classroom Research, Elementary Education, Instructional Improvement