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Working Memory Development from Early Childhood to Adolescence Using Two Nationally Representative Samples
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Ahmed, Sammy F.; Ellis, Alexa; Ward, Kaitlin P.; Chaku, Natasha; Davis-Kean, Pamela E. – Developmental Psychology, 2022
We leveraged nationally representative data from the Panel study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement (N = 3,562) and the Early Childhood Longitudinal study (N = 18,174), to chart the development of working memory, indexed via verbal forward and backward digit span task performance, from 3 to 19 years of age. Results revealed nonlinear…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Longitudinal Studies, Children, Adolescents
Working Memory Capacity Development through Childhood: A Longitudinal Analysis
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Reynolds, Matthew R.; Niileksela, Christopher R.; Gignac, Gilles E.; Sevillano, Clarissa N. – Developmental Psychology, 2022
Working memory is an often studied and important psychological construct. The growth of working memory capacity (WMC) in childhood is described as linear. Average adult WMC is estimated as either four or five "chunks." Using latent curve models of data from a measure of digit span backward that was administered longitudinally to a large…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Capacity Building, Child Development, Longitudinal Studies
Executive Functions and Science Achievement during the Five-to-Seven-Year Shift
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Kim, Matthew H.; Bousselot, Tracy E.; Ahmed, Sammy F. – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Executive functions (EF) are domain-general cognitive skills that predict foundational academic skills such as literacy and numeracy. However, less is known about the relation between EFs and science achievement. The nature of this relation might be explained by the theory of mutualism, which states that development is the result of complex and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Science Achievement, Cognitive Ability, Short Term Memory
Testing Longitudinal Associations between Executive Function and Academic Achievement
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Willoughby, Michael T.; Wylie, Amanda C.; Little, Michael H. – Developmental Psychology, 2019
Children with higher levels of executive function (EF) skills consistently demonstrate higher levels of academic achievement. Despite the consistency of these associations, fundamental questions remain about whether efforts to improve an individual child's EF skills result in corresponding improvements in his or her academic performance. In the…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Ability, Achievement Gains