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Gordon, Amber M.; Musick, Kurustun S.; King, Alison R.; Wallace, Erin Stehle – Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 2022
The purpose of this study is to examine the readability levels of the state departments of education guidance documents regarding COVID-19 protocols for families of students receiving special education services. The authors searched the 50 states and the District of Columbia's departments of education websites for their COVID-19, special…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Readability, Special Education
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Chili Li; Xue Wang; Long Qian – SAGE Open, 2025
The effectiveness of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials significantly influences the learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, positioning these resources as cardinal in the acquisition process. Despite this widely acknowledged significance, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the evaluation of key…
Descriptors: Syntax, Difficulty Level, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Flint, Kaitlyn; Spaulding, Tammie J. – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: The readability and comprehensibility of Learner's Permit Knowledge Test practice questions and the relationship with test failure rates across states and the District of Columbia were examined. Method: Failure rates were obtained from department representatives. Practice test questions were extracted from drivers' manuals and department…
Descriptors: Correlation, Readability Formulas, Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level
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Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S. – International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2020
For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Man Machine Systems, Classification
Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2020
For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Man Machine Systems, Classification
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Dahl, Amanda C.; Carlson, Sarah E.; Renken, Maggie; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Reynolds, Erin – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: Complex features of science texts present idiosyncratic challenges for middle grade readers, especially in a post-Common Core educational world where students' learning is dependent on understanding informational text. The primary aim of this study was to explore how middle school readers process science texts and whether such…
Descriptors: Science Materials, Textbooks, Difficulty Level, Readability
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Srisunakrua, Thanaporn; Chumworatayee, Tipamas – Arab World English Journal, 2019
Readability has long been regarded as a significant aspect in English language teaching as it provides the overall picture of a text's difficulty level, especially in the context of teaching and testing. Readability is a practical consideration when making decisions on materials to match a text with target readers' proficiency. However, few…
Descriptors: Readability Formulas, English (Second Language), Textbook Content, Reading Comprehension
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Nese, Joseph F. T.; Alonzo, Julie; Biancarosa, Gina; Kamata, Akihito; Kahn, Joshua – Grantee Submission, 2017
Text complexity has received increased attention due to the CCSS, which call for students to comprehend increasingly more complex texts as they progress through grades. Quantitative text complexity (or readability) indices are based on text attributes (e.g., sentence lengths, and lexical, syntactic, & semantic difficulty), quantified by…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Readability, Sentence Structure
Council of Chief State School Officers, 2017
Appendix A of the Common Core State Standards (hereafter CCSS) contains a review of the research stressing the importance of being able to read complex text for success in college and career. The research shows that while the complexity of reading demands for college, career, and citizenship have held steady or risen over the past half century,…
Descriptors: Common Core State Standards, English Instruction, Language Arts, Literacy
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Kouame, Julien B. – Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 2010
Background: Readability tests are indicators that measure how easy a document can be read and understood. Simple, but very often ignored, readability statistics cannot only provide information about the level of difficulty of the readability of particular documents but also can increase an evaluator's credibility. Purpose: The purpose of this…
Descriptors: Readability, Readability Formulas, Evaluation Methods, Literacy
Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010
One of the key requirements of the Common Core State Standards for Reading is that all students must be able to comprehend texts of steadily increasing complexity as they progress through school. By the time they complete the core, students must be able to read and comprehend independently and proficiently the kinds of complex texts commonly found…
Descriptors: Reading Ability, Reading Instruction, Reading Comprehension, Glossaries