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Download full textRutschow, Elizabeth Zachry; Grossman, Amanda; Cullinan, Dan – MDRC, 2014
For the nearly 39 million U.S. adults who do not have a high school diploma, the General Educational Development (GED) programs and exam have served as the main avenue for improving individuals' skills and helping them earn a high school credential. However, few students who start these programs ever get this credential, and even fewer advance to…
Descriptors: High School Equivalency Programs, Tests, Thinking Skills, Writing Skills
Beach, Richard – Online Submission, 2011
This paper analyzes the influence of three different learning paradigms for learning literacy--formalist, cognitive-processing, and literacy practices--on the implementation of the Common Core State Standards. It argues that the Common Core State Standards are based largely on a formalist paradigm as evident in the emphasis on teaching text…
Descriptors: Text Structure, Models, State Standards, Educational Change
