Participation in intensive, immersive, service-learning study abroad programs with intentional intercultural activities embedded in the course curriculum has been shown to enhance cultural competence as measured via the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI®) (Krishnan, Masters, Holgate, Wang & Calahan, 2017; Krishnan, Lin & Benson,…

This paper suggests a revised framework for explaining, developing and assessing international mindedness (IM). A review of the literature -- that presents initiatives, challenges, and debates regarding IM -- concludes with an overview of selected conceptual frameworks that have been used to develop a shared understanding of IM. When the authors…