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Jie Qin; Dilin Liu – Applied Linguistics, 2025
In response to calls for an assessment tool that provides a separate performance dimension from the linguistic quality-oriented measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) and guided by systemic functional linguistic (SFL) theories, this study introduces a set of fine-grained objective measures of communication/content/function…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Linguistic Theory