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A Per-Second Investigation of the Interconnectedness between Linguistic and Cognitive Factors Underlying L2 Willingness to Communicate

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Nematizadeh, Shahin – Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 2022

Willingness to communicate (WTC) research has recently witnessed a paradigm shift with the more recent studies looking at the shifting and dynamic nature of the variable. A growing body of literature has interpreted such dynamicity from a complex dynamic systems (CDS) perspective. The theory of CDS has four basic properties, one of which, and the…

Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Communication (Thought Transfer), Video Technology

The Role of Incidental Unfocused Prompts and Recasts in Improving English as a Foreign Language Learners' Accuracy

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Rahimi, Muhammad; Zhang, Lawrence Jun – Language Learning Journal, 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effects of incidental unfocused prompts and recasts on improving English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' grammatical accuracy as measured in students' oral interviews and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) grammar test. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pre-tests,…

Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Statistical Analysis, Advanced Students

The Cognitive Processing of Candidates during Reading Tests: Evidence from Eye-Tracking

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Bax, Stephen – Language Testing, 2013

The research described in this article investigates test takers' cognitive processing while completing onscreen IELTS (International English Language Testing System) reading test items. The research aims, among other things, to contribute to our ability to evaluate the cognitive validity of reading test items (Glaser, 1991; Field, in press). The…

Descriptors: Reading Tests, Eye Movements, Cognitive Processes, Language Tests