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Direct linkYufan Zhao; Vahid Aryadoust – Language Testing, 2025
This study examined the semantic features of the simulated mini-lectures in the listening sections of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) based on automatized semantic analysis to explore the content validity of the two tests. Two study corpora were utilized, the IELTS…
Descriptors: Semantics, Computational Linguistics, Academic Language, Second Language Learning
Firoozjahantigh, Mojgan; Fakhri Alamdari, Ebrahim; Marzban, Amir – Cogent Education, 2021
The instruction of metadiscourse markers to L2 writers has been recommended by some scholars to assist them in employing a certain tone in persuading readers. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research investigating the effect of process-based instruction on hedging and boosting devices to L2 learners. To fill this gap, the present study aimed at…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Process Approach (Writing), Writing Instruction, English for Academic Purposes
