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Direct linkBanks, Kathleen – Educational Assessment, 2009
The purpose of this article is to describe and demonstrate a three-step process of using differential distractor functioning (DDF) in a post hoc analysis to understand sources of differential item functioning (DIF) in multiple-choice testing. The process is demonstrated on two multiple-choice tests that used complex alternatives (e.g., "No…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Multiple Choice Tests, Testing, Gender Differences
Young, John W.; Cho, Yeonsuk; Ling, Guangming; Cline, Fred; Steinberg, Jonathan; Stone, Elizabeth – Educational Assessment, 2008
English language learners (ELLs) constitute one of the fastest growing subpopulations of students in the United States. It is important to determine whether the assessments used by states in determining students' proficiencies are valid and fair for ELLs. This study focused on several standards-based assessments in mathematics and science…
Descriptors: Testing Accommodations, State Standards, Word Lists, Construct Validity
