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Download full textWhat Works Clearinghouse, 2014
The 2011 study, "Benefits of Practicing 4 = 2 + 2: Nontraditional Problem Formats Facilitate Children's Understanding of Mathematical Equivalence," examined the effects of addition practice using nontraditional problem formats on students' understanding of mathematical equivalence. In nontraditional problem formats, operations appear on…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Students, Addition, Teaching Methods
Direct linkSwackhamer, Lyn Ely; Koellner, Karen; Basile, Carole; Kimbrough, Doris – Teacher Education Quarterly, 2009
A teacher's sense of self-efficacy has been consistently recognized as an important attribute of effective teaching and has been positively correlated to teacher and student outcomes. A number of studies show the impact of teachers with high levels of efficacy. Students of these teachers have outperformed students who had teachers with lower…
Descriptors: Preservice Teachers, Teacher Effectiveness, Self Efficacy, Program Effectiveness
