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Kurt, Johnny T. – ProQuest LLC, 2010
The purpose of this pretest-posttest comparative efficacy study was to analyze factors affecting literacy achievement of eighth grade middle school instrumental music students (n = 38) including (a) socioeconomic status (SES), (b) gender, (c) grade point average (GPA), (d) music motivation, (e) music involvement, and (f) instrument section. The…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Middle School Students, Literacy, Academic Achievement
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Powell, Sarah R.; Fuchs, Lynn S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010
Elementary school students often misinterpret the equal sign (=) as an operational rather than a relational symbol. Such misunderstanding is problematic because solving equations with missing numbers may be important for the development of higher order mathematics skills, including solving word problems. Research indicates equal-sign instruction…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Word Problems (Mathematics), Mathematics Skills, Equations (Mathematics)