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Download full textHolt, Carleton R.; Range, Bret; Pijanowski, John – International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 2009
Literature on retention focuses on both short term and long term outcomes for retained students. Short term outcomes typically include academic achievement, self-esteem issues, and occurrence of behavior problems. Long term outcomes include academic growth and persistence to graduation. Regardless of the focus and intent of the study, research on…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Longitudinal Studies, Self Esteem, Academic Persistence
Direct linkRusso, Alexander – Education Next, 2005
In the spring of 1995, the Chicago Public School system, the nation's third largest and, arguably, one of the most troubled, made national headlines when it was taken over by Mayor Richard M. Daley, then starting his third term and the most popular mayor since his father, Richard J. Daley, held the office for 21 years. By far the biggest reform…
Descriptors: School Holding Power, Summer Schools, Public Schools, Social Promotion
