More than two-thirds of first-year community college students require remediation in reading and/or mathematics before they can take college-level courses. Among these underprepared students who take the recommended developmental mathematics courses to become college-ready, less than one-third successfully complete these courses, posing a barrier…

Colleges throughout the United States are evaluating the effectiveness of their strategies to place entering students into college-level or developmental education courses. Developmental, or remedial, courses are designed to advance the reading, writing, and math skills of students who are deemed academically underprepared for college-level…