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Download full textQian, Jiahe – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
The variance formula derived for a two-stage sampling design without replacement employs the joint inclusion probabilities in the first-stage selection of clusters. One of the difficulties encountered in data analysis is the lack of information about such joint inclusion probabilities. One way to solve this issue is by applying Hájek's…
Descriptors: Mathematical Formulas, Computation, Sampling, Research Design
