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Beach, Richard – Online Submission, 2011
This paper analyzes the influence of three different learning paradigms for learning literacy--formalist, cognitive-processing, and literacy practices--on the implementation of the Common Core State Standards. It argues that the Common Core State Standards are based largely on a formalist paradigm as evident in the emphasis on teaching text…
Descriptors: Text Structure, Models, State Standards, Educational Change

Schultz, Lucille M.; Laine, Chester H. – Journal of Teaching Writing, 1986
Presents an experimental primary trait rubric designed to assess a writer's support for an argument, and structured as an eleven-cell grid on which a rater can plot a student's score. Describes the grid, and its use in a study of 1,892 eleventh-grade essays. Also describes ways to use the grid to teach invention and arrangement. (JG)
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, English Instruction, Evaluation Methods, Expository Writing