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Direct linkAlyson Collins; Stephen Ciullo; Steve Graham; Joong won Lee – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2024
Background/Context: Many students in the United States need access to effective writing instruction, with some requiring intensive intervention. Results from the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) in writing over the past 25 years revealed that most students in the U.S. have yet to attain a proficient level of written expression…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Writing Instruction, Elementary School Students, Intervention
Miller, Brett; O'Donnell, Carol – School Psychology Review, 2013
The cumulative body of eye movement research provides significant
insight into how readers process text. The heart of this work spans roughly 40 years reflecting the maturity of both the topics under study and experimental approaches used to investigate reading. Recent technological advancements offer increased flexibility to the field, providing…
Descriptors: Reading, Eye Movements, Individual Differences, Literacy
Download full textDeke, John; Dragoset, Lisa; Moore, Ravaris – National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, 2010
In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where the outcome is a student-level, study-collected test score, a particularly valuable piece of information is a study-collected baseline score from the same or similar test (a pre-test). Pre-test scores can be used to increase the precision of impact estimates, conduct subgroup analysis, and reduce bias…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Scores, Pretests Posttests, Regression (Statistics)
