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Johnson, Angela; Kuhfeld, Megan; Soland, James – AERA Open, 2021
Leveraging achievement data measured in the fall and spring of kindergarten through eighth grade for 840,000 students attending 8,800 public schools, we report novel evidence on how achievement and growth patterns differ between rural and nonrural schools. Rural students start kindergarten slightly ahead of nonrural students but fall behind by…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Rural Schools, Elementary School Students, Trend Analysis
Zhang, Jizhi; Li, Mengyi; Yee, Darrick; Park, Bitnara Jasmine; Bohrnstedt, George; Broer, Markus – American Institutes for Research, 2020
This study aims to understand the role that reading motivation plays in middle school reading achievement (including achievement gaps) by analyzing the 2015 grade 8 NAEP reading data. The study focuses on identifying the unique effects of student-level reading motivation and aggregated school-level mean reading motivation on reading achievement.…
Descriptors: Reading Motivation, Reading Achievement, Achievement Gap, Reading Tests