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Krashen, Stephen – Phi Delta Kappan, 2002
Argues that California's low fourth-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress reading scores between 1987 and 1992 were not related to the whole-language approach to reading instruction introduced in 1987. Suggests that low scores are caused by limited student access to books in school and public libraries. (Contains 36 references.) (PKP)
Descriptors: Access to Education, Books, Grade 4, Intermediate Grades
Download full textFoertsch, Mary A. – 1992
A study focused on the background factors that are most closely related to reading instruction and reading performance, including instructional approaches, reading experiences, home influences, and demographic characteristics. Data for these assessments were collected in the spring of 1988 and 1990 from a nationally representative sample of…
Descriptors: Family Environment, Grade 12, Grade 4, Grade 8
