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Direct linkGardner Taylor, April Dimmis – ProQuest LLC, 2009
The Focused Practice Instructional Approach (FPIA) was based on the Environmental Mode of instruction established by George Hillocks' 1986 meta-analysis for writing instruction. The purpose of this study was to clearly define the FPIA approach using the original studies and test if it was significantly effective in fourth grade classrooms using…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Control Groups, Experimental Groups, Grade 4
Download full textLonigan, Christopher J.; Shanahan, Timothy – National Institute for Literacy, 2009
The National Assessment of Educational Progress reveals that 37 percent of U.S. fourth graders fail to achieve basic levels of reading achievement. In 1997, the U.S. Congress asked that a review of research be conducted to determine what could be done to improve reading and writing achievement. The resulting "Report of the National Reading…
Descriptors: Writing Achievement, Reading Achievement, Academic Achievement, National Competency Tests
