This fact sheet considers differences in behaviors and outcomes between young men and young women as they transition to adulthood. It also considers whether differences between young men and young women are related to the fact that some women are caring for children. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, the analysis compares adolescent risk behaviors and young adult outcomes for young men and women. Youth of all races and income levels are included and the analysis does not differentiate among them. All differences discussed in this paper are significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level or above. (Contains 1 figure, 4 footnotes, and 1 table.)