Racial disparities are evident in both educational outcomes and incarceration rates when comparing African American and white youth. It is essential to understand the school-to-prison pipeline and the ways in which school discipline practices and other factors disproportionately affect African American students, limit educational attainment, and…

Despite the robust link between dispositional optimism and well-being across the lifespan, the developmental origins of dispositional optimism are unknown. Understanding the pathways that lead to greater optimism during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood may be important given that this stage of the life course involves the…

The purpose of the study was to predict academic achievement of distance learners from Locus of Control. The study was delimited to teacher education Programs (M.A., M.Ed and B.Ed) offered by universities of Pakistan through distance learning mode. A total number of 1513 students was selected through stratified sampling technique. The Nowicki-Duke…

This study explored the roles of individual factors (age, gender, locus of control, self-esteem, and loneliness), parenting style, and academic achievement in discriminating students involved in bullying (as bullies, victims, and bully/victims) from those not involved. Participants comprised 742 middle school students (393 females, 349 males). The…

College retention rates are a growing problem for many universities. Previous researchers focused on the inconsistencies between high school exit exams and college entrance exams, marginalized groups, and students with disabilities. However, a gap remains in the current literature regarding other external variables that may affect college…

Higher education administrators are seeking to identify additional effective student pre-college predictors of university academic success to utilize in an increasingly competitive admission environment. A study of more than 3,000 first-year students assessed a traditional pre-college predictor, the ACT, along with a new potential pre-college…

A factor analysis of the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale was conducted with a biracial sample of children over a wide age range. Three factors (personal control and helplessness, achievement and friendship, and luck) had sufficient item loadings to be interpretable. (Author/GK)

The relationship between locus of control (LC), grade point average (GPA), standardized achievement test scores (SAT), sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) was investigated among a sample of 174 eighth graders who responded to the Nowicki-Strickland locus on control instrument. Certain partial correlations between momentary achievement…

Using college freshmen enrolled in a learning analysis course, the relationship between five tests of cognitive style was investigated: (1) Group Embedded Figures Test; (2) Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Style Questionnaire; (3) Adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale; (4) Mehrabian Stimulus Screening Test; and (5) Kolb Learning Style…

The correlation between specific personality and biographical variables and the grade point average (GPA) of 211 first quarter community college and technical institute students was investigated using the Adult Nowicki Strickland Internal-External scale to determine locus of control, the Post High School Self-Concept of Academic Ability scale, and…