Although there is evidence that literacy deficiencies in adolescents can be remedied with one-to-one tutoring using research-based instructional strategies, a review of current literature provides only limited information on transferring effective instructional strategies to learning environments outside of one-to-one tutoring centers. The authors…

Vocabulary learning is central to reading ability and academic achievement. Vocabulary researchers and educators have viewed its essence as a process of associating the pronunciations and meanings of words in memory, and they have paid little attention to the contribution that spellings might make to vocabulary learning. We review theory and…