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Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A.; Cartwright, Kelly B. – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2023
The development of beginning decoding and encoding skills is influenced by linguistic skills as well as executive functions (EFs). These higher-level cognitive processes include working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, and individual differences in these EFs have been shown to contribute to early academic learning. The present study…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Decoding (Reading), Prediction, Language Skills
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A.; Cartwright, Kelly B. – Grantee Submission, 2022
The development of beginning decoding and encoding skills is influenced by linguistic skills as well as executive functions (EFs). These higher-level cognitive processes include working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, and individual differences in these EFs have been shown to contribute to early academic learning. The present study…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Decoding (Reading), Prediction, Language Skills
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Swanson, H. Lee; Arizmendi, Genesis D.; Li, Jui-Teng – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
This study investigated the prevalence and stability of latent classes among elementary-aged English learning (EL) children whose first language is Spanish. To this end, EL children (N = 267) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 at Wave 1 (Year 1) were administered a battery of vocabulary, reading, math, and cognitive measures (short-term memory, working memory,…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Elementary School Students, Grade 1, Grade 2
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Leonard, Laurence B.; Deevy, Patricia; Karpicke, Jeffrey D.; Christ, Sharon L.; Kueser, Justin B. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Purpose: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) often have difficulty with word learning. Recent studies have shown that incorporating retrieval practice provides a significant benefit to this learning. However, we have not yet discovered the best balance between the amount of retrieval and the amount of study (hearing the word in the…
Descriptors: Children, Language Impairments, Developmental Disabilities, Vocabulary Development
Roberts, Theresa A; Vadasy, Patricia F; Sanders, Elizabeth A – Grantee Submission, 2018
This study investigated: 1) the influence of alphabet instructional content (letter names, letter sounds, or both) on alphabet learning and engagement of English only and dual language learner (DLL) children, and 2) the relation between children's initial status and growth in three underlying cognitive learning processes (paired-associate,…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Alphabets, Experimental Groups, Control Groups
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Swanson, H. Lee; Arizmendi, Genesis D.; Li, Jui-Teng – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2022
This study explored the role of growth in the executive components of working memory (WM) on second language (L2) mathematical problem-solving in elementary school children who are emerging bilinguals whose first language (L1) is Spanish. To this end, children (N = 429) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 at Wave 1 were administered a battery of math, reading,…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Mathematics Education, Short Term Memory, English Language Learners
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Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit; Alon, Mor; Brill, Alit; Schorr-Edelsztein, Hani; David, Tzuriel; Tubul, Gila; Al-Yagon, Michal – Journal of Special Education, 2019
The present study examined the role of language capacities in explaining differences in social information processing (SIP) among three school-age groups: high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, IQ > 75), children with specific learning disorder (SLD), and children with typical development (TD). Participants were 96 boys…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Learning Disabilities, Cognitive Processes
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Wilson, Hope E. – Journal of Advanced Academics, 2015
There is a dearth of research regarding young children with high intellectual abilities, particularly research involving the direct observation of children in naturalistic settings. The current study examines 2 years of observations of young children (aged 37-71 months; n = 34) at an early childhood facility. The children were observed during the…
Descriptors: Play, Observation, Young Children, Early Childhood Education
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Swanson, H. Lee; Kudo, Milagros; Guzman-Orth, Danielle – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2016
This study investigated the prevalence and stability of latent classes at risk for reading disabilities (RD) in elementary-aged children whose first language is Spanish. To this end, children (N = 489) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 at Wave 1 were administered a battery of reading, vocabulary, and cognitive measures (short-term memory [STM], working memory…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, At Risk Students, Reading Difficulties, Learning Disabilities
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Swart, Nicole M.; Muijselaar, Marloes M. L.; Steenbeek-Planting, Esther G.; Droop, Mienke; de Jong, Peter F.; Verhoeven, L. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2017
The mental lexicon plays a central role in reading comprehension (Perfetti & Stafura, 2014). It encompasses the number of lexical entries in spoken and written language (vocabulary breadth), the semantic quality of these entries (vocabulary depth), and the connection strength between lexical representations (semantic relatedness); as such, it…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Grade 4, Predictor Variables, Semantics
Mellard, Daryl F.; Woods, Kari L.; Md Desa, Z. Deana; Vuyk, M. Alexandra – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
This exploratory study identified underlying skill and ability differences among subgroups of adolescent and young adult struggling readers (N = 290) overall and in relation to a fluency-based instructional grouping method. We used principal axis factoring of participants' scores on 18 measures of reading-related skills and abilities identified in…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Adolescents, Young Adults, Reading Skills
Swanson, H. Lee; Orosco, Michael J.; Kudo, Milagros – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
This cohort-sequential study explored the components of working memory (WM) that underlie second language (L2) reading growth in 450 children at risk and not at risk for reading disabilities (RD) whose first language is Spanish. English language learners designated as balanced and nonbalanced bilinguals with and without risk for RD in Grades 1, 2,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Bilingualism, Reading Difficulties, Spanish Speaking
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Kaushanskaya, Margarita; Yoo, Jeewon – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2011
The goal of this research was to examine the effects of phonological familiarity and rehearsal method (vocal vs. subvocal) on novel word learning. In Experiment 1, English-speaking adults learned phonologically familiar novel words that followed English phonological structure. Participants learned half the words via vocal rehearsal (saying the…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Familiarity, Cognitive Processes, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
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Swanson, H. Lee; Hsieh, Ching-Ju – Review of Educational Research, 2009
This article synthesizes the experimental literature that compares the academic, cognitive, and behavioral performance of adults with reading disabilities to those of average-achieving adult readers. The central question posed by this review is to what extent and in what manner do adults with reading disabilities differ from adults without reading…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Spelling, Learning Disabilities, Intelligence Quotient
Mathews, Mary Elizabeth – 1969
Two experiments comprised this study comparing the ability of children from ages 4 to 12 years to discriminate the order in which items from a previously presented sequence of stimuli had been presented. The hypotheses were that the discrimination of recency (DR) improves with age, that broader separations of test items are easier to discriminate…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning
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