The factor structure of a new co-normed cognitive and achievement battery for children, the Differential Ability Scales (DAS) was investigated. The DAS was factor analyzed in conjunction with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), and the composite score of the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS). Subjects were 56 six- to eight-year-old children in regular classes. Two exploratory principal axis factor analyses with varimax rotation were done (one with and one without the four DAS "diagnostic" subtests). The exploratory analyses revealed a factor structure fairly consistent with the composite structure of the DAS. The DAS verbal subtests loaded with the PPVT-R and the DAS achievement tests loaded with the ITBS. Three cognitive factors and one achievement factor were normed, but they strayed somewhat from the DAS composite structure. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the theoretical structure of the DAS provided a good fit to the data. These analyses lend support to the test author's interpretation of the DAS. Four tables present data from the analyses. (Author)