Bilingual children have been shown to differ from monolingual children in several domains of human cognition. Comparatively few studies have investigated social-interactional processes in bilingual populations. Here, we investigated whether monolingual and bilingual children demonstrate similar susceptibility to an aspect of social functioning…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether children's identification of misarticulated words as real objects was influenced by an inherent bias toward selecting real objects or whether a change in experimental conditions could impact children's selections. Method: Forty preschool children aged 4 years 0 months to 6 years 11 months…

Cognates are known to facilitate second language acquisition and use, as learners tend to assign to a new L2 word the meaning of a similar L1 word. Consequently, for L2 tests that rely largely on lexical items, performance may prove inflated for examinees whose L1 shares many cognates with the language being tested. This article examines the…

Orthographic processing -- the ability to perceive, access, differentiate, and manipulate orthographic knowledge -- is essential when learning to recognize words. Despite its critical importance in literacy acquisition, the field lacks a tool to assess this essential cognitive ability. The goal of this study was to design a computer-based…

This research investigates key psychometric properties of the French Early Years Evaluation-Teacher Assessment measure designed to systematically assess kindergarten children across five social and academic developmental domains: awareness of self and environment, social skills and behaviour, cognitive abilities, language and communication, and…

Research Findings: This study used data from a national sample to examine differences in school outcomes at the end of kindergarten between Head Start children who attended full-day and half-day programs. Propensity scores were used to match children who experienced different intensities of the program on a series of demographic characteristics in…

This study reports on a new false belief measure in a sample of 124 children and adolescents with or without high functioning autism (HFASD). In the classic paradigm, a participant predicts in which of two discrete locations a deceived protagonist will look for an object. In the current Sandbox task, the object is buried and reburied in a sandbox,…

This study investigated the use of latent class analysis for the detection of differences in item functioning on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition (PPVT-III). A two-class solution for a latent class model appeared to be defined in part by ability because Class 1 was lower in ability than Class 2 on both the PPVT-III and the…

Criteria were developed to assess sexual and racial item content bias for every item from six IQ tests. Each reference was judged as either stereotyped or not sterotyped. This analysis pointed out an overwhelming sexual and racial imbalance in item content. (Author/RL)

The data suggest that the WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full scales are almost equally lacking in racial bias and that all three scales are less biased than the PPVT. If the PPVT is used for initial screening, it will be important to follow up with a more thorough psychological evaluation. (Author)

Author focused on differences between whites and negroes in the United States and more generally on racial variation in man. (Author/RK)

Examines item bias on Forms L and M of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised in Anglo-American and Mexican-American children (N=132). Analyses indicated bias as measured by differences in item difficulty in both groups; however, there was no clear pattern of items that were more difficult for either group. (LLL)

Adapted the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test to facilitate administration to low-functioning autistic children who do not have a pointing response. Autistic (N=10) and preschool-aged children (N=20) were given the standard form and the adapted form. Results supported the use of the published norms for the adapted version. (Author/RC)

The Soviet position on vocabulary and the relationships among intelligence, language, and culture holds that thoughts and words have different developmental roots and that there are more differences than likenesses between them. In this United States study, 105 students grouped by their having parents in three different employment categories were…

This paper reports two studies which compared scores obtained on the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and investigated the hypothesis that the representational level of the stimulus items in the PPVT is inappropriate for preschool children regardless of socioeconomic background. In the first study, the…