Differences on the Personal Orientation Inventory between 39 males and 40 females who participated in encounter groups and 40 males and 44 females who declined to participate in such groups were examined. (Author)

Focuses on the immediate effects of group training and participation for inservice counselors and on the effects after one year. Subjects were 15 inservice counselors. The POI was used to assess personal growth. Results indicate that participating counselors maintained their positive POI gains one year later. (Author/HMV)

The authors of this article contend that the Guinan and Foulds study was inadequately designed and executed, and the results indicate little of the "usefulness" of the test, much less illuminate the important hypothesis central to the investigation. Specific suggestions for further research in marathon group evaluation are made. (Author)

The study examines the effectiveness of theme-centered group counseling conducted by experienced professional counselors in impacting the self-confidence of disadvantaged adults and also the development of interpersonal and intrapersonal sensitivity. Major questions focused on ascertaining if: (1) self-concept developments of a sample of entering…

This study examined the effects of a weekend marathon on the level of self-actualization of college students one and four weeks following their group experience. It also studied the relationship between ego strength and extent of change in self-actualization during a marathon. Generally, the group experience did increase self-actualization and the…

The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) is frequently used to measure changes that have occurred in participants as a result of an encounter- or growth-group experience. The pseudo-self-actualizing tendency of counseling students is explored, and rationale is presented as to why the POI should be used with other instruments. (Author)

The effects of two types of group intervention, Gestalt and sensitivity training, on time orientation or time competence and psychological effectiveness were investigated with 45 college students as subjects. Results indicate that students participating in the groups did not show significant gains in psychological effectiveness as measured by the…

Investigates the amount of structure furnished by the leader in the group experience over a nine-week period and its effects on measures of self-concept and self-actualization. (Author)

An experimental attempt was made to determine if prospective women teachers could be helped through group counseling to sort out and clarify conflicting marital and professional roles in relation to their future professional status. It was hypothesized that such help would lead to a significantly greater sense of self actualization, a more…