Considered socially, musical values are always relative in practice to the uses and purposes of observers, thus accounting for the variety of meanings and values different people--even experts--derive from the same musical occasion, or the different meanings and values the same person experiences on different occasions. Music education is a "field" within (at least) two different "worlds" of praxis: the "worlds" of "music" and "schooling." The failure of music education as "praxis" to make a pragmatic difference for individuals and society that is "noticeable" and "notable" thus creates a "legitimation crisis." In this essay, the author offers recommendations on praxis-based reform of music education. (Contains 32 notes.)