The purpose of this survey design research study was to assess the teaching styles of naturopathic medical (ND) faculty in terms of teacher-centered or learner-centered using the Principles of Adult Learning Scale (PALS). A secondary study question was the comparable differences in ND faculty teaching styles, and that of the published literature…

Studies in adult learning have increased and better developed in the past century. From them adult learning theory emerged, comprised of andragogy, self-directed learning, and transformational learning. The main purpose of this study is to measure the teaching style preferences of trainees at a mid-size police department. The second purpose is to…