The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 utilized data from 63 countries and economies to generate research questions that centered on the contribution of mathematics self-efficacy, opportunity to learn (OTL), and how their interplay affected students' mathematical performance. This study reveals that in a majority of the…

For assessment scales applied to different groups (e.g., students from different states; patients in different countries), multigroup differential item functioning (MG-DIF) needs to be evaluated in order to ensure that respondents with the same trait level but from different groups have equal response probabilities on a particular item. The…

The present study challenges the assumption that equipping students with positive learning attitudes and beliefs can compensate for socioeconomic status (SES) effects on students' academic achievement. It unravels the association between SES and students' achievement by examining direct and indirect SES influences (via students' science attitudes…

The case study from Brunei described in this report provides a practical example of how learning outcomes in this area can be improved through the power of teacher coaching. This report explores how the Literacy and Numeracy Coaching Programme (LNCP) -- developed by Brunei's Ministry of Education with technical assistance from the Education…