This study examines whether beliefs about the malleability of intelligence manifest in growth mindset behaviour and improved math achievement among Finnish and Estonian 4th graders. The sample consists of 368 students, 184 from both countries. Results show that the two mindset-instruments being compared--one capturing the generalised implicit…

In 2010, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Education Program has established the Deeper Learning Initiative, which focuses on students' development of deeper learning skills (i.e., the mastery of core academic content, critical-thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, communication, and "learn-how-to-learn" skills). Two test…