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Direct linkNing, Bo; Van Damme, Jan; Liu, Hongqiang; Vanlaar, Gudrun; Gielen, Sarah – International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 2013
Students, as one specific group of school stakeholders, have unique perceptions of school climate, which predict academic performance. In the Program for International Student Assessment 2009 Shanghai survey, 5,115 students from 152 schools participated. The results from this study showed that compared with their peers in the countries of the…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Predictive Validity, Predictor Variables, Educational Environment
Download full textCarnoy, Martin – National Education Policy Center, 2015
Stanford education professor Martin Carnoy examines four main critiques of how international test results are used in policymaking. Of particular interest are critiques of the policy analyses published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Using average PISA scores as a comparative measure of student achievement is misleading…
Descriptors: Criticism, Reputation, Test Validity, Error of Measurement
