The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to use Gagne's cumulative learning theory to compare math curricula choice to Louisiana Education Assessment Program (LEAP) math achievement for third, fourth, and fifth grade students in public schools within the state of Louisiana. The independent variable of interest, math curricula choice, was…

This investigation focuses upon the nation of Finland. Described by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs ("This is Finland", n.d.) as a parliamentary democracy, Finland is a free-market economy with a young but progressive history. While the nation's scores on the 2015 triennial PISA continue to indicate above average performance on all three…

In recent decades, the use of large-scale standardized international assessments has increased drastically as a way to evaluate and compare the quality of education across countries. In order to make valid international comparisons, the primary requirement is to ensure the measurement equivalence between the different language versions of these…