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König, Christoph; Khorramdel, Lale; Yamamoto, Kentaro; Frey, Andreas – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2021
Large-scale assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have field trials where new survey features are tested for utility in the main survey. Because of resource constraints, there is a trade-off between how much of the sample can be used to test new survey features and how much can be used for the initial item…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment