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Benítez, Isabel; Padilla, José-Luis – Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2014
Differential item functioning (DIF) can undermine the validity of cross-lingual comparisons. While a lot of efficient statistics for detecting DIF are available, few general findings have been found to explain DIF results. The objective of the article was to study DIF sources by using a mixed method design. The design involves a quantitative phase…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Mixed Methods Research, Test Bias, Cross Cultural Studies