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Chu, Man-Wai; Babenko, Oksana; Cui, Ying; Leighton, Jacqueline P. – International Journal of Testing, 2014
The study examines the role that perceptions or impressions of learning environments and assessments play in students' performance on a large-scale standardized test. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to test aspects of the Learning Errors and Formative Feedback model to determine how much variation in students' performance was explained…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Secondary School Students, Student Attitudes, Educational Environment