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Mang, Julia; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Meinck, Sabine; Prenzel, Manfred – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2021
Background: Standard methods for analysing data from large-scale assessments (LSA) cannot merely be adopted if hierarchical (or multilevel) regression modelling should be applied. Currently various approaches exist; they all follow generally a design-based model of estimation using the pseudo maximum likelihood method and adjusted weights for the…
Descriptors: Sampling, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Simulation, Scaling