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Chirkina, T. A.; Khavenson, T. E. – Russian Education & Society, 2018
School climate is one of the significant factors determining educational achievement. However, the lack of instruments to measure it has complicated the study of this concept in Russia. We review the history of the study of the concept of "school climate," and we discuss approaches to how it can be defined. We describe the most widely…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Definitions, Measurement, Questionnaires