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Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Cordel, Macario O., II; Lucas, Rochelle Irene G.; Teves, Jude Michael M.; Yap, Sashmir A.; Chua, Unisse C. – Education Sciences, 2021
Filipino students ranked last in reading proficiency among all countries/territories in the PISA 2018, with only 19% meeting the minimum (Level 2) standard. It is imperative to understand the range of factors that contribute to low reading proficiency, specifically variables that can be the target of interventions to help students with poor…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Reading Ability, Artificial Intelligence
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Goldhammer, Frank; Kroehne, Ulf; Hahnel, Carolin; De Boeck, Paul – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
Efficiency in reading component skills is crucial for reading comprehension, as efficient subprocesses do not extensively consume limited cognitive resources, making them available for comprehension processes. Cognitive efficiency is typically measured with speeded tests of relatively easy items. Observed responses and response times indicate the…
Descriptors: Reading Rate, Reading Comprehension, Cognitive Ability, Reading Tests