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Basak Erdem Kara – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2025
Achievement tests are commonly used in education to evaluate students' academic performance and proficiency in specific subject areas. However, there is a major problem that threatens the validity of achievement test scores which is test-taking disengagement. Respondents provide answers that are inconsistent with their true ability level and can…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Secondary School Students, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests