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Chi, ShaoHui; Wang, Zuhao; Liu, Xiufeng; Zhu, Lei – International Journal of Science Education, 2017
This study investigated the associations among students' attitudes towards science, students' perceived difficulty of learning science, gender, parents' occupations and their scientific competencies. A sample of 1591 (720 males and 871 females) ninth-grade students from 29 junior high schools in Shanghai completed a scientific competency test and…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Science Education, Correlation, Student Attitudes
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Rusilowati, Ani; Kurniawati, Lina; Nugroho, Sunyoto E.; Widiyatmoko, Arif – International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 2016
The purpose of this study is to develop scientific literacy evaluation instrument that tested its validity, reliability, and characteristics to measure the skill of student's scientific literacy used four scientific literacy, categories as follow:science as a body of knowledge (category A), science as a way of thinking (category B), science as a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Junior High School Students, Grade 9, Test Construction
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Yildirim, Huseyin H.; Yildirim, Selda – Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 2011
Multivariate matching in Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses may contribute to understand the sources of DIF. In this context, detecting appropriate additional matching variables is a crucial issue. This present article argues that the variables which are correlated with communalities in item difficulties can be used as an additional…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Regression (Statistics)