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An Investigation of the Mediating Role of Various Variables in the Effect of Both Gender and Economic, Social and Cultural Status on Reading Literacy
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Kogar, Esin Yilmaz – International Journal of Progressive Education, 2021
The present study was based on the Turkish sample in PISA 2009 and PISA 2018. To investigate the effect of both gender and economic, social and cultural status index on reading literacy, the causal mediation effect was utilized in order to test the mediating role of the following variables: enjoyment of reading, the metacognitive strategy of…
Descriptors: Literacy, Gender Differences, Cultural Background, Socioeconomic Status
A Freirean Analysis of Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's School Literacy Movement
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Anita; Sudrajat, Ajat; Aman – Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 2023
Since joining The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Indonesia has been actively shaping its education policy following the recommendations derived from the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). In response to the consistently low PISA reading scores, in 2015 the Indonesian Ministry of…
Descriptors: Literacy Education, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, International Assessment