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Mang, Julia; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Meinck, Sabine; Prenzel, Manfred – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2021
Background: Standard methods for analysing data from large-scale assessments (LSA) cannot merely be adopted if hierarchical (or multilevel) regression modelling should be applied. Currently various approaches exist; they all follow generally a design-based model of estimation using the pseudo maximum likelihood method and adjusted weights for the…
Descriptors: Sampling, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Simulation, Scaling
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Robitzsch, Alexander; Lüdtke, Oliver – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2023
One major aim of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) like PISA is to monitor changes in student performance over time. To accomplish this task, a set of common items (i.e., link items) is repeatedly administered in each assessment. Linking methods based on item response theory (IRT) models are used to align the results from the different…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Trend Analysis, International Assessment, Achievement Tests