New assessments that measure deeper learning--whether students understand challenging content and are able to apply that knowledge to think critically, solve problems, communicate their understanding, and work with their peers--are essential if students are to develop the competencies they need to succeed in an increasingly complex world. Such assessments would not only measure whether students have developed those competencies, they would also foster deeper learning in the classroom, because of the influence of assessment on instruction. This brief shows what assessments that measure deeper learning would look like, how they are used in other countries, how technology can support their development, and how they can be implemented feasibly. (Contains 8 endnotes.)