The Program for International Student Assessment Young Adult Follow-up Study (PISA YAFS) is a new study that allows research into the characteristics, cognitive skills, and other life outcomes of young adults as they transition from high school to postsecondary life. This Research and Development report provides a snapshot of outcomes at the outset of this important transition, as well as preliminary examinations of how these outcomes are related to individuals' competencies in high school. For data on 19-year-olds, PISA YAFS used the Education and Skills Online (ESO) survey, which is based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). For data on 15-year-olds, the study relied on the 2012 administration of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), which is the OECD's flagship student assessment program that, every 3 years, assesses reading, mathematics, and science literacy and collects relevant background data on students and their schools. This report describes the literacy and numeracy performance of 19-year-olds along with other outcomes such as their engagement in postsecondary education, participation in the workforce, attitudes toward their lives and ability to make their own choices, and vocational interests. Moreover, it examines whether and how these outcomes are related to the 19-year-olds' earlier performance in PISA 2012 and whether those relationships differ for various subgroups of individuals. This report thus provides an indication of the degree to which success on PISA 2012 is related to various outcomes at the important transition from high school to postsecondary life.